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Art, heritage and unity

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Following the World Public Summit Africa in Addis Ababa (July 29-30, 2026), Capital sat down with Yanina Dubeykovskaya—communications strategist, founder of WCFDavos and the Women Influence Forum, and Head of the WPS Africa Organizational Committee. In this candid conversation, Dubeykovskaya discusses the power of the summit’s “Unity” contemporary African art exhibition, shares insights from the groundbreaking study “The Zambezi River: Economy, Society, Soul,” and explains why soft power and shared heritage are central to the continent’s diplomatic agenda. Excerpts;

Capital: With 16 African nations and the Afro-Brazilian diaspora represented, how does your work challenge the idea of a single ‘African narrative’ while still capturing a sense of unity?

Yanina Dubeykovskaya: Our curatorial approach intentionally avoids creating a generalized image of Africa or seeking a universal visual language, as this would reduce the complexity of the continent’s artistic landscape to a false uniformity. A primary goal of the exhibition is to showcase the full diversity of contemporary African art. Therefore, it brings together artists from various countries, working across diverse media and exploring themes shaped by distinct cultural, historical, and social contexts.

Within this framework, unity is not based on identifying similarities; instead, it emerges from a deep respect for differences. Each artist articulates, in their unique way, the relationship between the individual and society, and between culture, inner integrity, and responsibility. This curatorial logic preserves the distinctiveness of each artistic voice while demonstrating that questions of memory, identity, human connection, and a shared future can create genuine dialogue across diverse cultural backgrounds.

Capital: The exhibition will move to Moscow after concluding in Ethiopia. What message or feeling do you hope audiences in Russia take away from contemporary African art?

Yanina: For several years, our Gallery of Contemporary African Art “I-A” has consistently introduced Russian audiences to contemporary African art. The “Unity” exhibition continues this tradition but on a considerably larger international scale, bringing together artists from sixteen African countries alongside an artist representing Afro-Brazilian culture. This offers Russian audiences a fuller encounter with the diversity and richness of the continent’s contemporary art.

Art remains one of the most effective tools for cultural dialogue, forging direct connections between countries, communities, and professional circles. We hope Russian audiences will leave not just with an impression of individual artworks, but with a broader panorama of contemporary African art: dynamic, conceptually rich, deeply rooted in local cultures, and an integral part of the global art scene.

We believe that exhibitions of this kind become meeting points for professional communities, cultural institutions, and audiences alike, generating new opportunities for cultural exchange and lasting cooperation between Russia and the countries of Africa.

Capital: How does a cultural centerpiece like ‘Unity’ change the tone of high-level diplomatic discussions at the summit?

Yanina: The summit is focused on global unity and what connects countries and people despite their differences. While economics, business, and international cooperation are naturally important agenda items, every lasting partnership is built on trust, and trust cannot be established at the negotiating table alone. It develops as people come to understand one another more fully. This is precisely why culture and art are so crucial at international gatherings of this scale.

One can speak at length about unity, mutual respect, and a shared future, but art allows people not just to hear these ideas but to experience them directly, fostering an emotional connection to universal values regardless of country of origin or cultural background. The “Unity” exhibition thus becomes a space where the summit’s guiding ideas take visual form, a reminder that education, culture, youth initiatives, and art are not peripheral concerns but essential foundations upon which trust, cooperation, and international partnership are built over time.

Capital: How does this event practically differ from traditional international summits?

Yanina: This summit’s primary distinction lies in its focus on launching concrete joint initiatives rather than merely discussing global challenges. Over 700 participants from government, business, science, civil society, and culture will convene to establish a foundation for cooperation that extends far beyond the event itself.

One key initiative is “The Zambezi River: Economy, Society, Soul,” an international interdisciplinary study bringing together experts from multiple countries.

The summit also expects leaders of non-governmental organizations to exchange proven practices and initiate new regional and cross-border projects. This will be supported by the development of an expert knowledge base on African NGOs, designed to foster continued cooperation across the continent.

Many African communities articulate their worldview through the principle of Ubuntu: “I am because we are,” reflecting the understanding that individuals cannot exist apart from their community. This emphasis on what connects people, rather than what divides them, is central to the summit’s philosophy.

Capital: The study titled ‘The Zambezi River: Economy, Society, Soul’ blends socioeconomic research with cultural identity. Why was it crucial to include the ‘soul’ aspect alongside economic development?

Yanina: Development cannot be measured solely by economic indicators. Any territory is fundamentally defined by its people—their way of life, values, traditions, and relationship with their environment. This is why “soul” is placed alongside economy and society in the study’s title.

For millions, the Zambezi River is more than just a natural resource or transport route; it shapes livelihoods, unites communities, informs cultural traditions, and contributes to a people’s sense of belonging to their land. Therefore, a meaningful account of long-term, sustainable development in the region requires understanding not only a territory’s economic potential but also what makes it significant and unique to its inhabitants.

Capital: With over 700 cross-sector leaders attending, what role do young African innovators and contemporary artists play in driving the summit’s vision forward?

Yanina: While political and business leaders help shape strategic decisions, young innovators and cultural representatives are crucial in defining how these ideas will evolve. The new generation is creating innovative development approaches by integrating technology, entrepreneurship, social initiatives, and cultural projects. They are finding novel solutions to current challenges, demonstrating that progress is achievable through cross-sector collaboration.

Contemporary artists are also vital to this process. They address central societal issues such as identity, memory, ecology, urban development, and the future of communities and generations. Through their work, artists not only reflect on social transformations but also create spaces for dialogue among people from diverse countries and cultural backgrounds. When innovation, social initiatives, and art converge, they lay the groundwork for new partnerships.

Capital: Precious, Selamawit, and Khalifa—your works touch on collective memory, natural symbolism, and future generations. How did the theme of ‘Unity’ specifically influence the pieces you brought to Addis Ababa?

Yanina: In developing the exhibition, it was essential to demonstrate that unity is a concept each artist interprets through their unique personal experience, cultural background, and creative method. This explains the plurality of interpretations presented in the exhibition.

Selamawit Gebretsadik: For Selamawit, unity is expressed through the image of a leaf, a universal natural form symbolizing the interconnectedness of all living things.

Precious Longret Samuel: Precious approaches culture as a repository of memory that binds generations and preserves collective identity.

Khalifa Mané: Khalifa’s work posits that unity is inextricably linked to the concept of a shared future, achievable only through collective responsibility and cooperation. These three artists, along with the broader group of participants, offer diverse interpretations of unity, drawing from personal histories, social experiences, cultural traditions, and the pursuit of inner harmony.

Capital: What was the first piece of African art that personally moved you, and how did it shape your perspective as a curator?

Yanina: The first piece of African art I encountered was Mulenga Mubanga’s rendering of the Last Supper, which I saw at an art fair in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. What struck me was:

African artists embrace classical subjects.

They courageously interpret these subjects in a visually unconventional, vivid, and distinctly African manner.

Meeting Mulenga himself. He remains one of the key artists we work with, and I consider him a genius who will gain global recognition within the next five to seven years.

When working with African art, it’s essential to support artists who are not trying to emulate established Western artists. An artist’s unique personal story and style are their most valuable assets. I believe over 90% of African artists employ entirely different techniques, often combining them through mixed media that incorporates newspapers, restaurant menus, found objects, or textiles. For me, curating this art is an expression of freedom.

Capital: Was there a lighthearted or unexpected moment behind the scenes while bringing works from 16 different nations together?

Yanina: One unexpected and genuinely joyful moment occurred while we were assembling works from sixteen countries. I pay close attention to opportunities for women in art, and it was a real delight to discover, as we reviewed the pieces selected from our Open Call, how many were by women artists. From Madagascar alone, for instance, we ended up with two wonderful artists, both of whom are women. It’s a small detail, but one I was genuinely happy to share.

Capital: If you could share a casual cup of coffee with any of the featured artists, which piece of theirs would you ask about first?

Yanina: Let me highlight an artist I consider truly exceptional: Selamawit Gebretsadik, who recently had a very successful solo exhibition in Moscow. Whenever I sit with Selamawit over a cup of Ethiopian coffee in her studio, I always ask her about her newest work. Now that she’s back from Russia, the question I’d want to start with is simply: What has changed in her approach, her style, and her understanding of her own craft after being immersed in so much of the world’s art? I plan on asking her exactly that myself, today.

African airlines urge governments to align passenger data systems with global standards

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Africa’s airlines are calling on governments to implement passenger data systems in line with international standards, warning that poor design could raise travel costs and weaken the benefits of aviation for trade and tourism.

The African Airlines Association, the Airlines Association of Southern Africa and the International Air Transport Association said governments should roll out Advance Passenger Information and Passenger Name Record systems according to International Civil Aviation Organization standards and global best practices.

The groups said the systems can help authorities improve border security, support law enforcement and identify risks before passengers travel. But they stressed that the programs must be backed by clear legal and operational frameworks and should be used only for legitimate security and border-control purposes.

The associations said the legal framework should clearly define the data required, designate one responsible authority and align with relevant bilateral or regional agreements. They also said governments should limit the collection of passenger information to what is strictly necessary, retain data for a defined period and include safeguards against discrimination.

They further called for secure data storage and transfer using harmonized global formats to reduce errors and ensure consistency across borders.

The industry groups also warned governments against financing the programs through charges imposed on airlines or passengers. They said border security is a government responsibility and should be funded by states, not by the aviation industry or travelers.

According to the organizations, adding passenger-data fees would increase the cost of travel, reduce connectivity and undermine aviation’s wider economic contribution to tourism, trade and investment.

Abdérahmane Berthé, secretary general of AFRAA, Aaron Munetsi, chief executive officer of AASA, and Kamil Alawadhi, IATA’s regional vice president for Africa and the Middle East, said in a joint statement that they support the use of passenger data to keep borders secure. However, they said the systems must be aligned with internationally recognized standards and funded correctly.

They said a coordinated approach between governments and the aviation industry would improve security, make travel smoother, protect personal data and avoid unnecessary costs and complexity.

The three organizations said they remain ready to work with governments, regional institutions and international partners to support passenger-data programs that strengthen security while keeping air transport safe, efficient and affordable.

ESL pushes ahead with fleet expansion as record profit fuels 200 billion birr capital plan

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Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics (ESL) is forging ahead with an ambitious expansion plan to acquire six new vessels and increase its capital tenfold to 200 billion birr. This move is buoyed by record profits, despite a year marked by regional conflict, higher operating costs, and disruptions to global shipping.

The state-owned logistics company is boosting its capital from 20 billion birr to 200 billion birr while simultaneously advancing a procurement program designed to strengthen Ethiopia’s maritime transport capacity.

During the company’s annual performance briefing on Thursday, CEO Abdulber Shemsu stated that both the capital increase and vessel acquisition are progressing concurrently, although the procurement process has taken longer than initially anticipated.

“Vessel procurement follows public procurement procedures, so it has its own timeline,” Abdulber explained. “There have been some delays, but the process is progressing.”

The decision to significantly increase the company’s capital stems from Ethiopia’s shift to a market-based foreign exchange system, which substantially boosted the birr value of ESL’s foreign currency assets. Industry experts informed Capital that the sharp depreciation of the birr over the past year significantly expanded the company’s balance sheet, prompting management to revise its initial capital plan.

This foreign exchange reform has also yielded substantial accounting gains. ESL earned approximately 14 billion birr in non-operating income from its foreign currency assets during the first year of the reform in 2024/25. In the fiscal year that concluded earlier this month, the company generated an additional 2.7 billion birr from similar foreign exchange-related gains.

Concurrently, the company is accelerating its fleet expansion plans. Earlier this month, a technical delegation led by Abdulber traveled to China to negotiate the purchase of second-hand vessels and contracts for newly built ships.

“The discussions covered both used vessels and the construction of new ones,” he told Capital.

ESL currently operates 10 ocean-going vessels, including nine multipurpose handysize ships. Under its expansion strategy, the fleet is projected to grow to 16 vessels by 2030.

The procurement plan includes one second-hand container ship with a capacity of 3,000 to 5,000 TEUs, three second-hand Ultramax bulk carriers with carrying capacities of 60,000 to 65,000 deadweight tons, and two newly built heavy-lift Ultramax multipurpose vessels of similar capacity. While the second-hand vessels are expected to join the fleet once suitable ships are identified, the newly built vessels are likely to take at least two years to complete after contracts are signed.

The expansion follows one of ESL’s strongest financial performances in company history.

According to its unaudited annual report, ESL generated 157.2 billion birr in revenue during the 2025/26 fiscal year, transporting over seven million metric tons of cargo and exceeding its annual target by eight percent.

Net profit reached 25.4 billion birr, a 33.7 percent increase over the company’s target and approximately 45 percent higher than the previous fiscal year. Foreign currency earnings also rose to USD 551 million, roughly USD 50 million more than the previous year.

Abdulber attributed the improved performance to a strategic shift, with the company prioritizing higher-value cargo over simply increasing cargo volumes.

“We are giving priority to high-value cargo such as construction equipment and industrial machinery,” he stated.

These results were achieved despite one of the most challenging operating environments the company has faced recently.

One ESL vessel was stranded in the United Arab Emirates for over four months due to disruptions linked to tensions around the Strait of Hormuz. Fuel shortages, volatile fuel prices, rising insurance costs, and severe congestion at Djibouti’s ports further strained operations as more ships diverted from Gulf ports due to regional instability.

Consequently, the company’s operating expenses climbed to 124 billion birr, nearly 10 percent higher than the 113 billion birr originally budgeted for the year.

ESL is also closely monitoring the deteriorating security situation in the Red Sea and wider Middle East, where attacks on commercial vessels continue to pose risks to international shipping.

Abdulber noted that the company is evaluating whether to introduce feeder services in the region or reroute vessels on longer voyages, depending on the evolving security situation.

“Our priority is to ensure Ethiopian cargo continues moving without interruption,” he emphasized.

He added that Ethiopian-flagged vessels have continued operations even during previous periods of heightened regional tension, including regular calls at Khor Fakkan Port in the United Arab Emirates.

Looking ahead, ESL has set ambitious targets for 2030, planning to generate 350 billion birr in annual revenue and USD 2 billion in foreign currency earnings, while increasing annual cargo throughput to 18.4 million metric tons. The strategy also includes expanding its container fleet to 100,000 units, reinforcing the company’s role as Ethiopia’s main maritime gateway.

Ethiopia should expand the tax base, not squeeze the same taxpayers harder

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Ethiopia’s fiscal debate has become dangerously familiar: whenever revenue falls short, the easiest answer is to ask the same formal businesses and salaried workers to pay more. That approach may deliver a short-term boost, but it is not a strategy for a growing economy. If Ethiopia wants a fairer and more durable tax system, it must broaden the tax base rather than keep squeezing the few taxpayers already in the system.

The problem is not that Ethiopians do not pay taxes. The problem is that too few people and firms are actually in the net. A small formal sector carries a burden that should be shared more widely across the economy. Registered companies, payroll employees, importers and compliant professionals are relatively easy to monitor, so they become the default source of revenue. Meanwhile, a huge informal economy, under-declared income, weak property taxation and limited enforcement allow large parts of economic activity to remain untaxed or lightly taxed.

That imbalance is not just unfair. It is economically harmful. When the same taxpayers are repeatedly targeted, compliance becomes harder, investment slows and trust in the system erodes. Businesses begin to feel that honesty is punished and informality is rewarded. Over time, the state risks creating a tax culture based on resentment rather than citizenship.

The first step toward reform is to accept a simple truth: revenue growth must come from inclusion, not only from higher rates. Ethiopia has room to bring more people and activities into the tax system. The informal sector is large. Urban property remains under-taxed. Digital commerce is expanding faster than the tax administration can track it. Agriculture, where many households generate income, is still poorly integrated into the tax net. These are not minor gaps; they are the heart of the problem.

Expanding the tax base does not mean punishing the poor or taxing subsistence livelihoods into distress. It means identifying where genuine commercial activity is happening and designing sensible, phased taxation that is practical to collect. Small traders, transport operators, professionals, service providers, landlords, and growing enterprises should gradually be drawn into the formal system through simpler rules, lower entry barriers, and better administration. The goal should be to make tax participation normal, not extraordinary.

One of the most effective ways to broaden the base is through formalization. When businesses register, they become visible. When they use digital payments, they leave a trail. When they access credit, public procurement or licenses, compliance can be linked to those benefits. Ethiopia should use this leverage more intelligently. Rather than relying only on penalties, the government should connect tax registration to concrete advantages: easier access to finance, faster licensing, better legal protection and eligibility for public contracts.

Property taxation is another major opportunity. Cities are growing, land values are rising, and urban expansion is creating wealth that often escapes effective taxation. A serious property tax system would be far more sustainable than repeatedly increasing pressure on the same payroll taxpayers. It would also help local governments fund services more fairly, especially in rapidly urbanizing areas.

The digital economy also needs to be brought into the fold. As more transactions move online, tax authorities should improve data matching and electronic invoicing. This is not about surveillance for its own sake. It is about making tax collection match the way the economy actually works. If businesses can sell digitally, they can report digitally. If payments are traceable, taxes should be too.

At the same time, Ethiopia must simplify its tax system. A complex tax code often helps only the well-resourced, who can hire experts to navigate it, while discouraging small firms from entering the formal economy. A simpler structure with clear thresholds, predictable obligations and fewer loopholes would improve compliance. Tax policy should be understandable to the ordinary entrepreneur, not only to accountants and lawyers.

Equally important is trust. Many citizens and businesses resist taxes not only because of cost, but because they doubt the value they receive in return. If taxpayers see visible improvements in roads, electricity, security, schools and public services, compliance becomes easier to justify. The state must therefore pair tax reform with better service delivery and greater transparency on how revenue is spent.

Enforcement still matters, of course. A broadened tax base cannot rely on goodwill alone. High-earning individuals, large informal businesses and those hiding income should face real consequences. But enforcement should be targeted and intelligent, not blunt and politically easy. It is far more productive to catch big evaders than to keep revisiting the same formal taxpayers with new levies.

Ethiopia’s economic future depends on moving from a narrow tax culture to a broad fiscal compact. That means more taxpayers, not just heavier taxes. It means fairness, not fatigue. It means treating tax reform as a nation-building project rather than an emergency revenue raid.

If the government keeps squeezing the existing base, it will eventually weaken the very sector it depends on for growth. But if it expands the base, formalizes more of the economy and builds trust in the system, it can create a stronger state and a healthier private sector at the same time.

The choice is clear: Ethiopia should tax more people a little, not the same people to death.