A spike of violence in the North Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has forced 540 schools to close in the past year, creating chaos for children and putting them at risk of being recruited by armed forces, forced into work, Save the Children said.

Since the beginning of 2024, violence has forced about 190 schools to close their doors, according to Save the Children’s analysis of data from the education cluster – a coordination mechanism made up of education actors that assess needs and prioritise humanitarian responses.

Among the affected schools are 24 that have been seized by armed groups, 10 that have been directly attacked, and 29 that have been used as an emergency shelter for displaced families. Additionally, over the past year, there have been at least two reported cases of teachers being kidnapped, along with two incidents involving the abduction of students either at school or on their way to class. The closure of 7% of schools in the region has left about 270,000 children out of education, putting them at risk of being without the essential skills they will need to build a future. The neighbouring provinces of Ituri and South Kivu have also been impacted by violent attacks.

Attacks on schools leave deep emotional and psychological scars on children and can negatively impact their ability to develop, said Save the Children.

Bahati*, 12, who was at school when fighting broke out in his village in North Kivu last year, said:

“We played football at recess, then the bell rang, and we went into the classroom. Only a few minutes later, we saw the armed men coming out from the eucalyptus trees. They came to our school firing bullets. I heard explosions and other loud noises. We fled, without even thinking, everyone fled into another direction. 

“People walked for two days; people were separated from their families. Children without parents and parents without their children. As bullets kept on flying, we headed to Goma, which is how we arrived at the displacement camp in Goma.”

The current wave of violence follows a tumultuous year of heightened outbreaks of conflict in North Kivu in 2023, when intensified fighting in the east of the country displaced more than 1 million people, including at least 500,000 children. At least 250,000 people, including about 130,000 children, have been forced to flee their homes in North Kivu since February 2024 alone, with more than 2.6 million people–about 30% of the population in the region–displaced since 2022.

On 28 February, the United Nations started the gradual withdrawal of its peacekeeping mission in the DRC–known asMONUSCO– at the request of the government, despite concerns about increasing violence. The country is facing the second-largest displacement crisis in the world after Sudan, with close to 10 million people on the move, while poverty and hunger affect a quarter of the population, or 25.4 million people, according to the UN.

Although education is a top priority for children and parents in crisis, it is all too often the first service to be suspended and one of the last to resume. Prior to the escalation of violence, many children in North Kivu were already too scared to attend class and distressed by the presence of armed soldiers in and around their schools.

Greg Ramm, Save the Children Country Director in the Democratic Republic of Congo, said:

“A single attack cannot only cause devastating injuries to children, physically and emotionally, but also deprive hundreds of students of the chance to receive a good-quality education. Sometimes, a community’s only place of learning is destroyed.

“All children in North Kivu have had their learning interrupted by the latest wave of violence, even if they have not been displaced. And, even if schools eventually reopen, the children will struggle because of the extremely crowded learning environments, given the scale of the displacement.

“At the same time as the UN reduces the number of its peacekeeping troops in eastern DRC, the situation is worsening. All parties need to prioritise the protection of civilians and especially children over other considerations.”

Save the Children is calling on all parties to the conflict in DRC to cease attacks on—and threats against—schools, and refrain from any military-related use of educational facilities. The presence of military forces or other armed groups in schools, damages facilities, disrupts students’ education, and can provoke attacks from opposing forces.  Schools must be protected as safe spaces that provide shelter from harm and the opportunity to learn and play.

Save the Children has worked in the DRC since 1994 to meet humanitarian needs linked to the arrival of refugees and the displacement of populations due to armed conflict in eastern provinces. Save the Children has scaled up its humanitarian response to support existing care systems, training local leaders and communities to prevent and respond to exploitation and abuse and ensuring access to healthcare through mobile clinics.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Save the Children.

Civilians seeking shelter were killed by drone strike in town in Gao region; Victims include six siblings and their mother.

Two night-time drone strikes by the Malian army on 17 March killed at least 13 civilians, including seven children aged between two and 17, in Amasrakad, Gao region, and left more than a dozen people injured, according to eyewitness accounts gathered by Amnesty International.

A communiqué issued by the Malian army described the strikes, as “having contributed to neutralizing many terrorists and some of their vehicles”. But this claim is refuted by the seven survivors and witnesses Amnesty International spoke to. After an initial strike hit a Toyota Hilux, a second struck a flimsy makeshift shelter where local residents had sought refuge, killing nine people instantly.

Elghas*, who lost several relatives during the second strike, told Amnesty International:

“I didn’t hear the first strike. I was still asleep, but the people in my house had rushed to a neighbouring family for protection. It was afterwards that one of my sons came back and woke me up and told me about the car that had been targeted by the first strike. I followed him to the other compound where people had taken refuge. The second strike hit when I reached the entrance to the compound. I froze and I could see the flames around the shelter. It took me a while to get into the compound and head for the victims. My wife and six of my children were sheltering there and they were all killed by the strike. The other victims were friends and acquaintances who were simply seeking protection in that compound.”

“The Malian authorities must abide by their responsibilities under international law, which requires all parties to an armed conflict to distinguish between civilians and combatants and refrain from conducting targeted or indiscriminate attacks against civilians,” said Samira Daoud, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for West&Central Africa.

“It is unconscionable that whole families could be killed by drone strikes, without any accountability or justice. Authorities in Mali must ensure an effective and independent investigation into the killings of these civilians.”

The Malian government has intensified military operations against Al-Qaida, Islamic state and former rebel groups, since mid-2023. As part of these operations, the military regularly conducts drone strikes. An upsurge in military operations in the regions of Kidal and Gao over the last few months has led to many people from neighbouring regions fleeing to Amasrakad for refuge.

Eyewitnesses and survivors told Amnesty International that another person died of their wounds while receiving medical treatment in Amasrakad. Two days after the drone strike, a woman who was injured in the attack discovered that her unborn foetus had died.

Attacked while seeking protection.

One survivor, Aghaly*, told Amnesty International that the first strike took place at night while everyone was asleep.

“I was woken up by a loud bang and screams to leave [the compound]. Me and my cousins had to evacuate our grandmother urgently from the compound. This was the first strike of the night which happened around 1 am. It targeted a Toyota Hilux vehicle that was not 15-20 metres from our house. This vehicle serves the purpose of the health center and is only used for that purpose.”

He said many neighbours and fellow townspeople fled to a shelter within a compound that did not have cars or vehicles around, believing that being far from the vehicles would protect them from strikes. But the compound was targeted in a second strike which killed nine people instantly.

“Bodies were shredded and strewn across the yard and it was hard to identify them. Two other women would succumb within the hour from their injuries, bringing the number of dead to 11 overnight. Around 11 people were injured, some of whom were suffering from severe first degree burns and serious injuries caused by shrapnel. All these people are relatives and acquaintances with whom I have grown up or seen grow. None of them are part of an armed group to warrant that strike.”

Civilian objects such as vehicles used by health centres are protected against attack under international humanitarian law (IHL), unless they are used for military objectives. Restraint and precaution must guide all decisions on targeting objects. The destruction of a logistical vehicle of the Amasrakad health centre by a drone strike is thus a violation of IHL.

Alghabass*, whose daughter was wounded, told Amnesty International:

“All night long, all we did was piece together body parts, heads and limbs scattered all over the place. My daughter was seriously injured and is in critical condition in hospital in Gao. What did we do to deserve this? To be bombed in the middle of the night?”

The town of Amasrakad, located 160 kms northeast from the city of Gao, is at a crossroads linking the northern regions of Gao, Kidal and Menaka, where the Malian army, supported by forces belonging to a Russian private military company, have been actively involved against the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD) and the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims (GSIM). In November, the Malian army and its allies retook the city of Kidal from the CSP-PSD, which had held it for 10 years. Over the past months, many internally displaced persons (IDPs) from neighbouring Menaka [region] and [Kidal] have sought protection, from the fighting, among relatives in Amasrakad.

Amnesty International calls on the Malian army to establish and publish clear guidelines on the use of drones during military operations and to make sure their impact on civilians is minimized. Killing civilians who are not directly participating in hostilities violates both international humanitarian law and the right to life.

In the case of Amasrakad, launching an attack in the knowledge that it will cause excessive incidental civilian loss, injury, or damage, may amount to a war crime.

“Authorities in Mali must be transparent about their rules of engagement on the use of drones, especially when used for targeted killings,” said Samira Daoud. “We call on them to publicly disclose information about the use and impact of armed drones, including the number of drone strikes, broken down by location and the number of civilians and combatants killed or injured following these strikes, as well as the criteria used to distinguish these two categories.”

*Names changed

Background

The attack on Amasrakad took place nearly two years after the Moura massacre (27 March-31 March 2022) when Malian soldiers launched a joint siege with forces belonging to a Russian private military company against the village of Moura. At least 500 persons were extrajudicially executed, and 58 women were victims of sexual violence during the massacre, according to the OHCHR. While the Mopti military tribunal announced an investigation into the killings in April 2022 after national and international uproar, no substantive progress has been made to date and no individual has been sanctioned.

On 23 March, another drone strike was launched against the village of Douna (Mondoro, Mopti, Mali) allegedly killing fourteen civilians, including children, according to media reports.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Amnesty International.

An agreement on the mutual recognition of driving licenses for conversion purposes was signed, between the Kingdom of Morocco and the Republic of Italy, on wednesday, March 27, 2024 at the headquarters of the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport in Rome.

This agreement aims to remove the obstacles encountered by Moroccans residing in Italy when converting their new-generation driving licenses with Italian registration authorities.

The signing of this agreement is the culmination of a long cycle of negotiations between the two countries. It reflects the constant commitment of the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco to defend the interests of Moroccans living abroad, in accordance with the Most High Instructions of His Majesty King Mohammed VI, may God assist Him.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of Kingdom of Morocco – Ministry of Foreign Affairs, African Cooperation and Moroccan Expatriates.

On 26 March 2024, Tanzania High Commission visited the ongoing Voice of Nigeria (VON) Kiswahili class. The training is organized by the High Commission in collaboration with VON, BAKITA and Tanzanian Diaspora. It is aimed at equipping participants with basic Kiswahili knowledge, in line with the existing MOU between Voice of Nigeria and Tanzania Broadcasting Cooperation.

Distributed by APO Group on behalf of High Commission of the United Republic of Tanzania Abuja, Nigeria.