Tuesday, May 12, 2026
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U.S launches $31 million project to transform sanitation, hygiene and gender equality

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The United States Government through its Agency for International Development (USAID) has launched the Markets for Sanitation (M4S) project, a $31 million, five-year initiative that will improve access to sanitation and hygiene services across Ethiopia. The project focuses on reaching the most vulnerable populations, particularly women and girls. The USAID-funded M4S builds on the success of the USAID Transform WASH project, an eight-year, $47.5 million initiative that supported over 500 sanitation businesses and helped more than one million Ethiopians gain access to improved sanitation services. 

The new USAID M4S project will be implemented in Tigray, Amhara, Oromia, Sidama, Somali, South Ethiopia, Central Ethiopia, and Southwest Ethiopia. It aims to provide 5.4 million people with access to basic sanitation and enable 180,000 women and girls to access menstrual health and hygiene products. 

The USAID M4S will address long-standing challenges in Ethiopia’s sanitation and hygiene sector by promoting market-based solutions that drive sustainable and inclusive growth. By fostering a competitive sanitation market, the project seeks to ensure that sanitation products and services are both affordable and accessible to all, creating lasting economic and social benefits for communities. (Press Release)

Jumbo Loan

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A jumbo loan, also known as a jumbo mortgage, is a type of home mortgage that exceeds the lending limits set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) for conventional mortgages. Unlike those mortgages, a jumbo loan is not eligible to be purchased, guaranteed, or securitized by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. Lenders offer jumbo loans to finance luxury properties and homes in very expensive local real estate markets and have more stringent underwriting requirements for them.

Are you managing?

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Effective managers create opportunities for workers and teams to perform well and feel good about it at the same time. To be able to do this, the manager must be good at the basic aspects of management which include planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the use of the company’s resources. Here follows first a short description of the four aspects of management:

  • Planning is the process of setting performance objectives and identifying the actions needed to accomplish them.
  • Organizing is the process of dividing up the work to be done and coordinate the results to achieve the objectives.
  • Leading involves directing and coordinating the efforts of the workers to help them accomplish their tasks.
  • Controlling is monitoring performance, comparing results to the objectives set earlier and taking corrective action if so required.

The management process and the four functions, defined above, can apply in all work settings and offer a useful framework for managers. It helps the manager finding out what the main responsibilities are in carrying out his or her job, namely being the manager.

Let us now see what many managers go through during a typical working day, maybe also here in Ethiopia. In his book “The Nature of Managerial Work” Henry Mintzberg observes the following:

“There was no break in the pace of activity during office hours. The mail, telephone calls and meetings accounted for almost every minute from the moment these executives entered their offices in the morning until they departed in the evenings. A true break seldom occurred. Coffee was taken during meetings and lunchtime was almost always devoted to formal or informal meetings. When free time appeared, ever present subordinates quickly usurped it.” Mintzberg continues: “Why do managers adopt this pace and workload? One major reason is the inherent open-ended nature of the job. The manager is responsible for the success of the organization. There are really no tangible mileposts where one can stop and say: Now my job is finished. Where the task of the worker is completed every now and then, the manager must always keep going, never sure when he or she has succeeded, never sure whether the whole organization may come down because of some miscalculation. As a result, the manager is a person with a perpetual preoccupation. The manager can never be free to forget the job, and never has the pleasure of knowing even temporarily, that there is nothing else to do.”         

What Mintzberg describes points out quite clearly that a manager’s job in any organization is busy and demanding. In summary:

  • Managers work long hours, 50 to 90 hours per week, sometimes 7 days a week.
  • Managers are very busy people. Their work is intense and involves doing many different things on one day.
  • Managers are often interrupted as they work. Their work is fragmented and variable. Interruptions are frequent and many tasks must be completed quickly.
  • Managers do their work mostly with other people. They spend little time working alone. They work with bosses, colleagues, workers, customers, suppliers and so on.
  • Managers get their work done through communication, most of it face to face verbal communication that takes place during formal and informal meetings. Higher level managers spend more time in scheduled meetings than do lower level managers. In general, managers spend a lot of time getting, giving and processing information.

From his work, Mintzberg identified three major categories of activities or roles that managers must be prepared to perform on a daily basis, which are:

1. Interpersonal roles – working directly with other people.

2. Informational roles – exchanging information with other people.

3. Decisional roles – making decisions that affect other people.

During the next couple of weeks, we will explore the responsibilities and roles of managers a bit deeper, and we will try to see how these apply in the context of managing a company or organization in Ethiopia. While a number of issues mentioned above are easily recognised here as well, there are other cultural factors in Ethiopia which influence the way managers go about their job and their responsibilities. I have noticed for instance that Ethiopian managers take more time for relating to other people, also outside the direct context of their work, as relationships are considered to be very important in this society. In the context of the Ethiopian culture, we will then try to apply the framework described above and see how it can help the manager in carrying out his or her job effectively.

Ton Haverkort

Hibernating Opposition Political Parties

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This isn’t by any means an attempt to belittle the sacrifice and commitment of individual members involved in party politics. This is about the absence of a trailblazing organized movement that could command sizeable followers. Time is ticking away, and the incumbent is having a head start running hundreds of miles. This is a clarion call to deny PP another uncontested lease on political power.

The appetite of opposition political parties was supposed to be whetted by the prospects of the looming 7th General National Election. Unfortunately, they are in a state of endless hibernation. Actually, a few are busy hunting office space and defrauding the NEBE to have an undue share of the funds at its disposal by registering ghost female and disabled members. The truly ‘active’ ones issue press statements expressing their dismay at selected improprieties of the incumbent, taking their cues from TIKVAH or al-Ayn or BBC Amharic. That is their idea of being an opposition party—expressing discontent just like a view opposite the Editorial (Op-Ed) column of a newspaper. They were supposed to reflect on the structural framework that has given rise to the said impropriety.

They are never heard holding town hall meetings. Forget about conducting meetings to acquaint the public with their programs; they are too lazy to make their existence known. For a country with more than 53 national and regional parties and a few Fronts and Coalitions, their collective silence is deafening. They are waiting for the public to come to their offices to buy their ideas. They don’t even put up a sign that reads ‘we are open—under new management’; you know, something like በአዲስ መልክ ስራ ጀምረናል፡፡ Occasionally, journalists break into their exclusive zone and try to get them to say something—anything—otherwise they don’t like to be bothered.

They were supposed to keep definitive issues like the need to revise the Constitution alive. One would expect them to organize symposiums on how to settle inter-state territorial disputes between Regional States. You would expect them to engage scholars to express their views on the legitimacy and consequences of Ethiopia’s quest to have a tiny vista into the wide open Sea. By now, we should have been able to sample and review their respective takes on the ways to keep GERD diplomacy on the right track. As potential candidates to assume leadership of the country, one would naturally want to learn their takes on the threats to the territorial integrity of the country and how to preemptively address the imminent danger.

Corruption has become a national security threat judging by recent developments reported by public and private media alike—as well as ECHR. Courtesy of Meseret Media, it has recently come to our attention that anytime at Bole International Airport terminal, anybody could kidnap you, lock you up, and demand ransom money, threatening to accuse you of sympathizing with armed rebels. Unless one complies, chances are he would rot away in the said prisons until legitimate authorities get to free him after a year or two.

Behind every mega project lurks a team of smooth-talking cadres defrauding funds and stashing away public resources. Opposition parties should go a step further and examine the causes that have given such a blatant sense of entitlement and audacity to the culprits. In an exemplary effort a couple of years ago, EZEMA tried to carry out both financial and performance ‘audit’ of the Condo Project in the country. It is a laudable, noble endeavor. If opposition political parties had the interest, they could have easily secured funds to conduct independent studies to expose the visible dangers of state capture in the country. Instead, they ‘reflect’ on individual acts and news items. They were supposed to work on the broader, inherent, comprehensive, and systematic enabling circumstances that had allowed rampant corruption to reign large.

Most important of all, they should be pressing the government to publish the assets of higher officials as required by law.

The judiciary is yet walking on all fours. By some accounts, at its best, practicing law has become more like playing Russian roulette—a game of chances, particularly in cases before lower and regional courts. Increasingly, stakeholders are demanding that judges should take or retake exams, as the Ministry of Education is trying to do when it comes to teachers. Opposition political parties should be joining hands with professional associations whose resources and efforts are misplaced and help them refocus. This is an ancient nation with an invaluable tradition of law and justice of ecclesiastical and secular origins, receptive to the idea of the rule of law. How come reforms wouldn’t just take root? In all fairness, knowledgeable lawyers are out there in great abundance, yet the justice administration system of the country couldn’t just get out of the woods. This irony should be studied, and the broken links should be exposed. There is a 27,000-strong willing army of practicing private lawyers to lend a hand if political parties knew how to involve and engage them.

Some opposition political parties are already enfeebled by their desire to safely stay on the banks of the river. They have reserved their absolute right to have the will to point fingers at those who have tried and failed. They are your quintessential ሙሴ ኒይት—you know, like Molotov. Zewedie Reta tells this story about Mr. Molotov’s persistent opposition to whatever the United Kingdom and allies would have to say at the League of Nations. He wouldn’t even care to hear them out; as long as the proposal was tabled by the West, he would dismiss it out of hand, bellowing ‘nyet!’ Hence the nickname Mister Nyet or Mister No. (I believe ‘Muse’ is the Habesha corruption of the French word Monsieur.) Apologizing for the digression, one can easily identify ‘the nyet political parties’ in the country. Their culture of political nyetism—or political nihilism—won’t serve the country any meaningful purpose in the absence of some credible alternative. These groups of opposition parties release a protest brief, copy it to the international community, and thereby assume that the latter would take care of the rest.

The quest for having a window to the sea has been an enduring question ever since the Ottoman Empire controlled and sealed the Red Sea coast in the mid-16th century. Letters addressed to European monarchs by our kings never failed to mention this horrible injustice the Turks had visited upon us. It is unfortunate that the case has been adjourned for 500 years by the court of the collective conscience of the international community. However, when it comes to the fate of landlocked countries, I have reason to believe that the rest of the world community secretly sympathizes with Ethiopia and Bolivia more than with others. In an eerie contrast to West African nations, which were conveniently given access to the Atlantic Ocean even if by a narrow strip, Ethiopia and Bolivia are denied the naturally available vast stretch of coastline within the visual distance of the naked eye. Chile has over 6,000 kilometers of coastline along the Pacific coast, but it dispossessed the little shoreline Bolivia had just to increase its share by a few more hundred kilometers. Even under such circumstances, the two countries have worked out a mutually beneficial arrangement that has quelled the conflict for some time.

Thus, the Premier isn’t alone in decrying the denial of natural justice when he lamented the close proximity of 5,000 kilometers of idle coastline and the inability to access it. Opposition parties should have gone a league ahead and worked to groom ‘port access’ experts like Nile Basin scholars. There are knowledgeable retired politicians who would be able to vent their accumulated regrets. You know folks like Tefera Waluawa, who had candidly told Ato Meles that the latter had gambled away Ethiopia’s opportunity to have access to the sea. The way Bereket tells it, Tefera was oblivious to any counterargument. “We could blame it on the irritating cold breeze coming from up North if you really want to know the truth,” he had reportedly told off Bereket. They could provide such ex-leaders with conducive forums to learn from their experiences, mistakes, and failures. They would only be too happy to oblige, judging by the words of scholars like Dr. Yacob and politicians like Geberu Asrat and Abebe T/Hymanot.

God Bless.     

 The writer can be reached via estefanoussamuel@yahoo.com