Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a transformative technology with the potential to address critical challenges faced by low-income countries. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Technology and Innovation Report 2025, AI can revolutionize key sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and manufacturing. However, the report also highlights significant barriers that these nations must overcome to fully harness the benefits of AI.
AI is already demonstrating its ability to drive development in low-income countries by improving efficiency and addressing resource constraints in critical sectors. In agriculture, AI tools are being used for precision irrigation, pest and disease control, and yield prediction. These innovations not only reduce waste but also enhance food security in areas prone to climate shocks and resource scarcity.
In healthcare, AI is filling gaps by enabling faster and more accurate diagnostics, extending healthcare coverage to remote areas, and aiding in pandemic management. AI-driven tools can analyze medical data to predict outbreaks or detect diseases early, potentially saving countless lives.
AI is also making waves in manufacturing by introducing automation, predictive maintenance, and smart factory systems. These technologies can help industries in low-income countries improve productivity while reducing costs, making them more competitive globally.
Despite its promise, the adoption of AI in low-income countries faces several challenges. Many of these nations lack the robust digital infrastructure—such as high-speed internet and data centers—required to support AI technologies. The absence of structured and accessible data limits the development of localized AI solutions tailored to specific needs. Additionally, a shortage of trained professionals in AI-related fields constrains innovation and implementation efforts.
These barriers contribute to what experts call the “AI divide,” where wealthier nations reap the benefits of advanced technologies while poorer countries risk falling further behind.
To overcome these challenges, the UNCTAD report outlines several strategies. Governments and international organizations must prioritize investments in digital infrastructure such as broadband networks, cloud computing facilities, and affordable access to technology. Collaboration between governments, private companies, and global institutions can facilitate knowledge sharing and resource pooling. For example, partnerships with tech giants could provide access to cutting-edge tools at reduced costs.
Training programs focused on equipping workers with AI-related skills are essential for creating a workforce capable of driving innovation and adapting to technological changes. Encouraging open-source development and data sharing can help democratize access to AI technologies, enabling local innovators to develop solutions tailored to their communities’ needs.
The report emphasizes that addressing the “AI divide” requires global cooperation. Wealthier nations and multinational organizations have a responsibility to support low-income countries through capacity-building initiatives, technology transfers, and financial aid for infrastructure development.
One promising avenue is the creation of shared digital public infrastructure that can be accessed by multiple nations. Additionally, fostering international research collaborations can help bridge knowledge gaps while promoting inclusive innovation.
AI holds immense promise for transforming economies and improving livelihoods in low-income countries—but only if its adoption is guided by inclusive policies and global solidarity. By addressing infrastructure deficits, closing skill gaps, and fostering international cooperation, these nations can unlock the full potential of AI as a driver of sustainable development.
