Détente is a French word that roughly translates to ‘relaxation’. It is used to denote the easing of strained relations, especially in a political situation, according to Wikipedia. Even though the word détente has been in use long before the cold war of post WWII, it is during the late 1960s and 70s it became a widely circulated currency. The main objective behind the détente regime of the 1970s was to restrain the feverish arms race that was raging between the WARSAW PACT countries of Eastern Europe and NATO. At the time, the two groupings were at par (more or less) when it came to destructive weaponry, mostly WMD (including nuclear arsenals). As a result, nuclear confrontation between the two camps became unthinkable. It is this doctrine of madness or MAD-Mutually Assured Destruction that gave rise to the various arms treaties of the détente era!
SALT I, (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) Helsinki Accord, ABM Treaty (Anti-Ballistic Missile), Partial Test Ban Treaty, Outer Space Treaty, Non-proliferation Treaty, SALT II (not ratified by the US), START, etc. were the various agreements signed between the US and the USSR, the superpowers backing the military alliances of NATO and the WARSAW PACT, respectively. In 1989, the USSR collapsed and the iron curtain (the ideological curtain that divided Europe into two, east and west) came down, including the Berlin Wall. Russia was devastated and before long all the iron curtain countries joined the reigning global capitalist system in earnest. After the unfolding of the socialist camp, NATO became rather cocky and started war adventures all over, even in places that were inconceivable only a decade ago. Yugoslavia was brutally bombed and fragmented. Balkanization roared all the way to the Baltics. The coup d’état in Ukraine was probably the single most infraction that roused Russia. One should note that Ukraine (Little Russia) was part and parcel of the Russian Empire as well as the USSR. Currently, NATO is contemplating of using small-scale nuclear weapons on the European (and elsewhere) war theatres, which might (most likely) involve Russia!
After the collapse of the USSR in 1989 many thought the world would be a much safer place, compared to the cold war era. Reality proved otherwise. The sole superpower went on war rampages and started to devastate one country after another. A very senior commander of the US/NATO openly boasted, ‘we will knock out six countries in the next five years’! Amongst these targeted countries only Iran and North Korea were spared the aggression. Libya, Syria, Iraq and Yemen are/were more or less destroyed by NATO/USA. Of course, there are always concocted excuses or false flags, before the unleashing of the systemic terror on weaker states. The late Howard Zinn was puzzled; ‘how can you have a war on terrorism when war itself is terrorism?’ Iran and North Korea were determined to come up with some kind of deterrent before it was too late. To some extent they achieved their objectives. North Korea is now a nuclear power and Iran has offensive missile systems that can potentially hit all the Middle East US military bases, as well as inflict significant damages on Israel and Saudi Arabia!
Enter Russia! As we have been saying all along, Russia is too grand to be put on the same scale as that of the ‘vassal states’ of the east, to use a phrase coined by former French foreign minister. Russia might be down, but never out! Sadly, hubris blinded NATO undermined Russia’s overall potential, not only in the area of armaments, but also in its geopolitical influences. Only fifteen years after the US unilaterally abrogated the ABM Treaty, Russia came up with weapon systems that are anti-symmetric to western arsenals. Hypersonic delivery, electronic jamming, frying laser, advanced propulsion systems, (cruise missiles with unlimited range) etc. are the new technologies on which the current Russian offensive military posture is based. To be sure, Russia’s formidable defensive weapons are also up and running. The very effective S-300 and S-400, to say nothing about S-500, are, literally, second to none! That is why many defenseless countries are lining up to buy these (defensive) weapons to protect their countries from bombardment (airplanes) and cruise missile attacks. NATO’s irresponsible expansion towards the Russian border has triggered a very firm and unequivocal response from Putin. In his last week’s address to the Russian Parliament, he emphatically asserted that no war using nuclear weapon (small, medium, large, etc.) will be tolerated and Russia will respond decisively by employing its various nuclear arsenals. Protection will also apply to Russia’s allies, declared the president. Therefore, all of NATO’s imbecilic maneuverings and going-ons in places like Poland, Romania and the Baltic states, are now rendered (effectively) useless, unless NATO wants to risk an all out nuclear war that will devastate not only Europe, but also the US mainland!
Unfortunately, MAD round two needed to be revived to bring back détente round two! This time around, however, China has to be included in all subsequent agreements, as an equal partner. China is already an all round super power. Its true economic size is by far the largest in the world (PPP purchasing power parity). The overall size of China’s military, to say nothing about its increasingly advanced technology, puts it on the same level as that of the other two superpowers. See Cohen’s article next column and others on page 41 & 44.
‘Although most Americans may be largely ignorant of what was, and still is, being done in their names, all are likely to pay a steep price-individually and collectively-for their nation’s continued efforts to dominate the global scene.’ Chalmers Johnson. “Nobody wanted to talk to us about the root of the problem. Nobody listened to us; so listen to us now,” Vladimir Putin. Good Day!
DÉTENTE NOW
EPRDF council convenes to elect new PM
One of the most anticipated EPRDF council meetings kicks off today in what is expected to be a milestone in the nation’s history. Members will begin the process of selecting a successor to Prime Minister Hailemariam Dessalegn.
Although nothing is certain, it is likely that Ethiopia’s next Prime Minster will be selected from the four candidates all of whom lead their current ethnic based parties that make up the EPRDF coalition. They are Abiy Ahmed (PhD), a member of parliament who leads the OPDO, representing Oromia; Demeke Mekonnen, from the Amhara National Democratic Movement (ANDM), the second largest ethnic group in the country, Shiferaw Shigute from the Southern People’s Democratic Movement (SPDM) and Debretsion Gebremichael from Tigray peoples’ Liberation Front (TPLF).
Recently OPDO replaced Lemma Megersa, who served as its chairman for two years after replacing Muktar Kedir.
Even though Lemma is enthusiastic, and has popular support, he was replaced by Abiy Ahmed (PhD), because thoughts were that he would be a more electable candidate for the PM’s slot. Lemma alluded to this during an interview with a local TV station.
No party has officially disclosed that they are interested in the premiership position, but many feel that electing someone from the Oromia region may help that group feel better represented and could alleviate some of the current problems facing the nation.
Some who are monitoring the situation say that there is not a common consensus among the decision makers in the ruling party and that there has been a power struggle for the PM position. They point to the vote over the state of emergency proclamation as a recent example because there were a significant number of no votes and abstentions. Political commentators add that the nation is at a crossroads and a wise decision must be made.
The EPRDF stated that the council meeting would consist of 45 representatives from each of the four ethnically based parties.
US Secretary of State advocates for more freedom
During his first official visit to Ethiopia and Africa in general Rex Tillerson, Secretary of State of the US, expressed his concern about the state of emergency, while appreciated the outgoing PM’s resignation as symbolic shot in the arm for democracy.
The Secretary, who visited the continent for the first time as Secretary, spoke about the current situation in Ethiopia and the economic and other ties between the two nations and the continent during a joint press conference with his counterpart in Addis Ababa Workneh Gebeyehu (PhD).
He was reminded about the concern that his government announced via its embassy a few weeks ago about the fresh state of emergency a day after the resignation of Hailemariam Desalegn.
“We recognize and share concerns expressed by the government about incidents of violence and loss of life. We do firmly believe the answer is greater freedom for people, not less,” Secretary Tillerson said.
“Given recent events, the United States has expressed our concerns with the government’s decision to impose another state of emergency, because it does put restrictions on fundamental rights like assembly and expression. We also discussed in our exchange the importance of ensuring that security forces remain disciplined in maintaining law and order, preventing violence,” he added.
He argued that his government firmly believes that democratic reform, economic growth, and lasting stability are best addressed through an inclusive political process, rather than through the imposition of restrictions.
He also asked for the public to be patient.
Such kind of statements from the US, which is one of the major allies for this government, is unusual. Other western allies have also expressed their concern about the state of emergency decree that may last six months. Workneh in his latest discussion with the diplomatic community based in Ethiopia has said that the state emergency may not last long. He said that when the new PM is elected the decree could be lifted. The executive council of EPRDF, the ruling front, is expected to meet today and discuss who the party chair and potential upcoming PM would be.
Russia looks to work with Ethiopia on nuclear power
One of the oldest diplomatic partners of Ethiopia, Russia has come again to discuss assisting with nuclear development and canceling debt.
The official diplomatic relationship, which is mostly positive, has just hit the milestone of 120 years meaning they have been working together since the King Minilik II era.
During the Derg regime, Russia played a very active role in supporting Ethiopia. . Besides military and security support the Soviet government offered technical support for Ethiopian nonmilitary organizations and scholarships for over 32,000 students at USSR higher education facilities.
In the previous regime Moscow was involved in the development of mega projects in Ethiopia like a hydro power plant, irrigation, and mining, including the development of natural gas at Kalub, and manufacturing centers such as a tractor assembly in Adama.
During the Derg era Russia also canceled a huge amount of debt. Later on, about 17 years ago, Russia annulled close to USD 5 billion. In 2005 Russia also canceled an additional USD 1.1 billion.
“We have talked about several issues including bilateral, investment and trade, and regional issues,” Workneh Gebeyehu (PhD), Minister of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) said at the joint press conference with his counterpart Sergey Lavrov of Russia.
He appreciated Russia’s decision to cancel more debt. Over a decade ago the two countries talked about writing off the remaining debt, which is USD 160 million. .
Last year Tedros Adhanom (PhD), the former MoFA chief, told Russian media that the two governments have agreed that these funds will be used in the framework of ‘debts in exchange for development’ for funding projects in Ethiopia with the participation of Russian companies.
Workneh said that the two countries have also agreed to work on nuclear power development.
In the past representatives of Russia’s State Atomic Energy Corporation, Rosatom, held extensive negotiations with their Ethiopian counterparts on joint projects in developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes including construction of the Ethiopian Centre for nuclear science and technology.
Lavrov said that the two sides have agreed to give an additional boost to the work of an intergovernmental commission for implementing joint projects in a number of domains such as energy including nuclear and hydro power, biological research and direct flights.
Cooperation in high-tech, science and education are other areas that the two countries will work together on, according to the diplomatic chief of Russia.
Lavrov said that Ethiopia has a functioning Russian designed research center that is nearly established as a nuclear technology center.
Hydropower engineering was recognized as one of the most promising areas of cooperation taking into consideration the activities by the Russian company, Inter RAO Export which wants to modernize the Melka Wakena Hydropower Plant, which was initially constructed by USSR in the mid-1980s, and possibly to construct other power generation projects in Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Airlines is also expected to commence a daily scheduled flight to Moscow from Addis Ababa. Experts said that this would be a good move since the trade relationship between the two countries and the private sector activity from the Ethiopian side is growing. “As a single example currently Russia imports Ethiopian flowers so direct flights by Ethiopian Airlines can expand this,” an expert said.
At present a number of Russian companies operate in the country, particularly Gazprom, which leads the search for oil and gas in the North-East of the country in the region of Afar, and is also interested in gold mining.
The countries relationship started from the time of the battle of Adwa between the colonial power, Italy and Ethiopia at that time the Russian Tsar sent a Russian envoy at the request of Minilik II, but the support reached Ethiopia after the end of the war. Some Ethiopian students during the Soviet era still serve in top government positions.
Ethiopia mainly exports flowers and coffee to Russia. The trade relationship between the two nations is not like the past particularly from the Russian side. In 1980s the exports from Russia to Ethiopia was worth USD 300 million, which is now significantly reduced. Now Russian investors are interested in engaging in the technology sector like automotive assembly and agriculture development.
Lavrov latest visit is his third to Ethiopia since he was assigned the Russian chief diplomat position in 2004.


