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በጥቁር ገበያ ያለው የምንዛሬ ዋጋ ልዩነት ወደ 13 በመቶ ከፍ ማለቱ ተነገረ

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በኢትዮጵያ ተግባራዊ እየተደረገ ካለው አጠቃላይ የማክሮ ኢኮኖሚ ማሻሻያ ማዕቀፍ ውስጥ ዋነኛው የሆነው የውጭ ምንዛሬ ተመን በገበያ እንዲወሰን የማድረግ ሂደት፣ አሁንም በተለያዩ መዋቅራዊ ችግሮች ሳቢያ ተግዳሮት እየገጠመው መሆኑ ተጠቆመ።

በተለይም በባንኮች እና በትይዩ ገበያ (ጥቁር ገበያ) መካከል ያለው የዋጋ ልዩነት በቅርብ ሳምንታት ውስጥ ወደ 13 በመቶ ከፍ ማለቱ ተመልክቷል።

የአለምአቀፉ የገንዘብ ድርጅት (አይኤምኤፍ) እንዳስታወቀው፤ ከመስከረም እስከ ጥቅምት አጋማሽ ድረስ ባለው ጊዜ ውስጥ በይፋዊው የባንክ ተመን እና በጥቁር ገበያው መካከል ያለው ልዩነት ከ10 በመቶ በታች ወርዶ የነበረ ቢሆንም፣ አሁን ላይ ግን ልዩነቱ በድጋሚ እያገረሸ መምጣቱን አመልክቷል።

ለዚህም እንደ ዋና ምክንያት የተቀመጠው፣ የኢትዮጵያ ብሔራዊ ባንክ ከፍተኛ መጠን ያለው የውጭ ምንዛሬን ከጨረታ ውጭ ለኢትዮጵያ ንግድ ባንክ መሸጡ ነዉ ያለዉ ድርጅቱ ይህም የምንዛሬ ተመኑ በገበያ ውስጥ ያለውን ትክክለኛ የፍላጎት እና የአቅርቦት ሁኔታ እንዳያንጸባርቅ አድርጎታል።

በተጨማሪም ብሔራዊ ባንክ በሚያካሂደው የውጭ ምንዛሬ ጨረታ ላይ ባንኮች ሊያገኙ የሚችሉት ድርሻ ላይ ገደብ መቀመጡ፣ ባንኮች ያላቸውን የምንዛሬ ፍላጎት በነፃነት እንዳያሟሉ እና ትክክለኛ የዋጋ ግኝት እንዳይኖር እንቅፋት ሆኗል።

ካፒታል ጋዜጣ ከ አይኤምኤፍ ሪፖርት ላይ እንደተመለከተው፤ የኢትዮጵያ ንግድ ባንክ እንደ ሀገር ስትራቴጂካዊ የሆኑ የነዳጅ እና የማዳበሪያ ግዢዎችን በብቸኝነት እንዲሸፍን መደረጉ፣ በባንኩ ላይ ያለውን የውጭ ምንዛሬ እጥረት አሁንም በከፍተኛ ደረጃ እንዲቀጥል አድርጎታል።

የግል ባንኮች እነዚህን ግዙፍ ሀገራዊ ሸክሞች ለመጋራት ያላቸው ፍላጎት አነስተኛ መሆኑ፣ በንግድ ባንክ ላይ ያለውን ጫና ከማክበዱም በላይ በገበያው ላይ የምንዛሬ እጥረት እንዲፈጠር ምክንያት ሆኗል።

ምንም እንኳን በባንኮች መካከል የሚደረግ የምንዛሬ ግብይት የተጀመረ ቢሆንም፣ ሂደቱ አሁንም ቢሆን “እንደ አስፈላጊነቱ የሚከናወንና የተቀናጀ ባለመሆኑ፣ ባንኮች ያላቸውን ትርፍ የውጭ ምንዛሬ እርስ በርስ በብቃት እንዳያለዋውጡ አድርጓቸዋል።

የሀገሪቱ የወርቅ እና የቡና ኤክስፖርት ከፍተኛ እድገት እያሳየ ቢመጣም፣ በትይዩ ገበያ ላይ ያለው የዋጋ ልዩነት መስፋት በኢኮኖሚው ላይ የራሱ የሆነ አሉታዊ ተጽዕኖ ይኖረዋል ነዉ የተባለዉ።

በኢያሱ ዘካሪያስ

Powering Ethiopia’s Instant Payments Future

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Ethiopia is advancing rapidly toward a digital payments economy defined by interoperability, real-time transactions, and inclusive access. The National Digital Payments Strategy establishes the framework for instant payments, streamlined operations, and expanded reach to underserved populations and cross-border users. Banks that invest in resilient, modern infrastructure will secure leadership in this evolving market, while those that delay risk operational and competitive setbacks.
Wingu Africa is at the heart of this transformation, providing data centre infrastructure that enables banks to process instant payments, leverage big data for strategic decisions, and ensure uninterrupted operations. 
Leading up to the event, the interview will highlight Wingu’s strategic contributions, communicate key messages, and set the context for its role in advancing inclusive development in Ethiopia’s financial sector. excerpts;
Q. What is the state of Ethiopia’s payments ecosystem today, and where do you see the biggest opportunities?
Ethiopia’s payments ecosystem is building strong momentum as digital and interoperable payment solutions expand. The rapid adoption of mobile money platforms such as Telebirr, the continued expansion of EthSwitch, and integrations with global payment networks such as Mastercard, all signal a decisive transition toward  faster, more connected, and increasingly real-time payments.
This progress is supported by national ambition. The draft National Digital Payment Strategy provides a clear framework for building an inclusive, efficient, and competitive payments ecosystem. Financial inclusion sits at the core of this strategy, with a strong commitment to ensuring that all Ethiopians can access and benefit from digital financial services.
The continued expansion of digital payments and deeper integration with international payment networks directly advance this. Co-branded cards and globally connected payment instruments enable broader participation in both domestic and cross-border commerce, including for previously unbanked populations. Similarly, small and rural merchants are empowered to participate in the digital economy, reducing reliance on cash and expanding their market reach.
The most significant opportunity now lies in scaling this progress sustainably. Strengthening interoperability across banks, fintechs, and mobile money operators, supported by resilient infrastructure, will be critical to unlocking long-term economic value and ensuring continued trust in digital payments.
Q. As Ethiopia’s digital payments ecosystem grows, how will robust data infrastructure shape the country’s long-term financial stability?
Robust data infrastructure is fundamental to long-term financial stability. As Ethiopia’s economy becomes increasingly digitised, the financial sector’s ability to support expanding transaction volumes, new payment instruments, and broader access to financial services will depend on reliable, scalable, and secure systems.

Resilient infrastructure mitigates systemic risk by ensuring continuous availability, safeguarding data integrity, and implementing comprehensive cyber security measures, thereby maintaining confidence in digital financial services. It also supports regulatory compliance and seamless interoperability between institutions, allowing banks to innovate without compromising operational stability.
Banks that invest proactively in modern infrastructure are better positioned to scale efficiently, meet regulatory expectations, and maintain customer confidence as Ethiopia’s digital economy continues to expand.
Q. How can banks turn big data into a strategic asset, and what infrastructure decisions make this possible?
Banks generate vast volumes of data daily, but its true value is realised only when it can be analysed and acted upon in real time. When effectively leveraged, big data empowers banks to detect fraud instantly, improve risk assessments and credit scoring, personalise customer experiences, and accelerate decision-making. 

This requires infrastructure that supports low-latency processing, scalable compute capacity, and secure access to data across systems. With the right foundation in place, data becomes a strategic asset rather than a by-product of operations.
From Wingu’s perspective, such infrastructure plays a critical role in transforming raw information into actionable intelligence, reinforcing customer trust, and supporting smarter, more responsive banking services.
Q. With growing integration into global payment networks, how should Ethiopian banks’ balance local data residency, performance, and security requirements?
Successfully integrating into global payment networks requires a balanced approach. Locally hosted, Tier III-certified data centres support regulatory compliance and national data sovereignty while delivering high performance and reliability. 
At the same time, secure and dedicated connectivity to international networks ensures efficient settlement and authentication processes. By aligning local infrastructure with global best practices, Ethiopian banks can achieve both compliance and competitiveness, positioning themselves as trusted players in the digital economy.
Q. How can bank executives leverage instant payment capabilities to enhance financial inclusion?
Instant payment systems enable near-real-time transfers, seamless payments, and reliable service,  fundamentally changing customer expectations. Bank executives can leverage these capabilities to expand financial inclusion through practical solutions such as micro-savings products, low-cost merchant payments, and transaction-based credit offerings. 
Reliability is critical. For first-time digital users, a single failed transaction can undermine trust and drive customers back to cash-based alternatives. Meeting customer expectations requires modern backend systems  capable of processing high volumes of transactions with minimal latency.
By combining instant payment capabilities with robust infrastructure, banks can build trust, encourage sustained adoption, strengthen engagement, and enable underserved populations to participate fully in Ethiopia’s emerging digital economy.

Q. Looking ahead, which banking innovations in Ethiopia are likely to be unlocked by a robust data backbone, and how do you see Wingu’s role in enabling this transformation?
A robust and scalable data backbone will drive the next generation of banking innovation in Ethiopia including the expansion of digital wallets, co-branded cards, embedded finance, and data-driven lending solutions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and real-time analytics will enable banks to tailor services, manage risk more dynamically, and respond faster to customer needs.
Wingu Africa plays a pivotal role in enabling this transformation by providing world-class, carrier-neutral, Tier III-certified data centre infrastructure locally. Our secure, scalable, and high-performance colocation solutions connect Ethiopian and East African financial institutions to global digital networks, ensuring operational reliability and regulatory compliance. We are committed to empowering banks and fintechs to innovate with confidence, launching new products and services while maintaining customer trust and service continuity. Our infrastructure serves as the strategic backbone of Ethiopia’s digital banking evolution, enabling the sector to deliver next-generation services and participate seamlessly in the global digital economy.
Q. As Ethiopia builds a modern payments infrastructure, how does Wingu engage stakeholders to drive financial inclusion, and what key messages will you highlight at the upcoming event?
Wingu partners closely with regulators, banks, fintechs, and government institutions to ensure that infrastructure development aligns with national priorities and future growth needs. Our approach focuses on building compliant, resilient, and scalable platforms that support innovation across the financial ecosystem.

Our message at the upcoming event is simple: infrastructure is not a cost; it is the foundation of transformation. Secure, high-performance, locally hosted data platforms are essential to enabling financial inclusion, interoperability, and sustainable growth. Investing in this foundation today, will allow Ethiopia’s payments ecosystem to scale confidently and compete globally.

የዩሮ ቦንድ የዕዳ ሽግሽግ ስምምነቱ ከአበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴ መመሪያ ጋር ባለመጣጣሙ እንዲቆም ተወሰነ

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የገንዘብ ሚኒስቴር የሀገሪቱን የ1 ቢሊዮን ዶላር የዩሮ ቦንድ ዕዳ ለማዋቀር ከግል አበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴ ጋር ደርሶት የነበረውን የመርህ ስምምነት ተግባራዊ እንደማያደርግ በይፋ አስታወቀ።

ጥር 2 ቀን 2026 ዓ.ም የተደረሰው ይህ ስምምነት እንዲቆም የተወሰነው፣ የመንግስታት አበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴ እና ዓለም አቀፍ የገንዘብ ድርጅት ስምምነቱን መርምረው ካጠናቀቁ በኋላ ነው።

የገንዘብ ሚኒስትሩ አቶ አህመድ ሽዴ አሰንደገለፁት፤ የስምምነቱ መቋረጥ ዋነኛው ምክንያት “የአበዳሪዎች የእኩልነት መርህ”  ካለመከበሩ ጋር የተያያዘ ነው። የመንግስታት አበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴስምምነቱ ከሌሎች ይፋዊ አበዳሪዎች ጋር ከተደረገው የዕዳ ሽግሽግ ማዕቀፍ ጋር እንደማይጣጣም ለኢትዮጵያ መንግስት በደብዳቤ አሳውቋል።

ይህንን ስምምነት ባለበት ሁኔታ ተግባራዊ ማድረግ ሀገሪቱ በሐምሌ ወር 2025 ዓ.ም ከአበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴ ጋር ከፈረመችው የመግባቢያ ሰነድ ጋር የሚቃረን ሆኖ ተገኝቷል።

በተጨማሪም፣ የተደረሰው ስምምነት ኢትዮጵያ ከዓለም አቀፍ የገንዘብ ድርጅት ጋር ከገባችው የኢኮኖሚ ማሻሻያ መርሃ-ግብር ግቦች እና መለኪያዎች ጋር እንደማይጣጣም ተመልክቷል።

ሚኒስቴሩ እንዳለው ከሆነ፣ ስምምነቱን መቀጠል በሀገሪቱ የማክሮ ኢኮኖሚ መረጋጋት እና በተመዘገቡ የኢኮኖሚ እድገቶች ላይ ከፍተኛ ስጋት ሊፈጥር ስለሚችል በድጋሚ መደራደር የግድ ሆኗል።

በዚህም መሠረት፣ የኢትዮጵያ መንግስት የዕዳ ሽግሽጉን የፋይናንስ ይዘት በተመለከተ ከግል አበዳሪዎች ኮሚቴ ጋር አዲስ ድርድር ለመጀመር መወሰኑን አስታውቋል።

መንግስት ውይይቱን በድጋሚ መክፈት አስፈላጊ ቢሆንም፣ በሁሉም አበዳሪዎች መካከል ፍትሃዊ የዕዳ ጫና ክፍፍልን የሚያረጋግጥ እና የሀገሪቱን የኢኮኖሚ አቅም ያገናዘበ ዘላቂ መፍትሄ ለማምጣት በቁርጠኝነት እንደሚሰራ ገልጿል።

Ethiopia’s Eurobond debt deal rejected by official creditors committee

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Ethiopia will not implement the $1 billion Eurobond debt restructuring deal it agreed with private bondholders in early January, after the country’s Official Creditor Committee (OCC) formally rejected the terms as violating the principle of fair burden‑sharing among creditors.

The Ministry of Finance announced on Thursday that it cannot proceed with the restructuring under the current terms, because doing so would be inconsistent with the “Comparability of Treatment” principle that governs its debt relief with official creditors.

At the start of the month, the government reached an Agreement in Principle (AIP) with the Ad Hoc Committee of private holders of its $1 billion 6.625% Eurobond maturing in 2024. Under that deal, bondholders accepted a 15% haircut on the principal, leaving about $850 million to be repaid in new bonds starting in 2026, with an upfront payment of $350 million expected by July this year.

However, the OCC — co‑chaired by China and France — stated in an official letter that the relief offered by the private deal is “significantly lower” than the concessional terms already extended by bilateral and multilateral creditors. The committee found that the AIP does not meet the “Comparability of Treatment” standard laid out in the July 2025 Memorandum of Understanding between Ethiopia and its official creditors.

The Ministry of Finance warned that implementing the AIP as it stands would endanger Ethiopia’s macroeconomic stability and the progress made in restoring economic growth.

“Under these circumstances, implementing the agreement would pose a risk to the macroeconomic stability and economic growth that Ethiopia has registered,” the Ministry said, explaining that moving forward would be inconsistent with the official sector’s framework for debt restructuring.

Ethiopia is currently supported by a $3.4 billion IMF programme, which is premised on bringing the country’s debt distress to a “moderate” level. For the IMF to continue disbursements, any debt relief must be broad‑based and fair across creditor groups.

If the terms for private creditors were seen as too generous compared to official creditors, there is a high risk that the IMF would delay or suspend its support, potentially undermining the entire reform programme and the country’s access to external financing, including foreign exchange.

As a result, the government will now go back to the negotiating table with the Ad Hoc Committee of bondholders to revise the financial terms of the Eurobond restructuring.

The Ministry of Finance expressed regret over having to reopen talks but reaffirmed its commitment to reaching a solution.

Future negotiations are likely to demand deeper concessions from private investors, possibly including a higher principal haircut, lower interest rates, and longer repayment periods.

For bondholders, the decision is a setback. Many investors have been waiting for any sign of repayment since the bond defaulted in late 2023. The rejection of the AIP now means further uncertainty, potential further devaluation in the secondary market, and a longer wait for any substantive cash flows.

For the Ethiopian government, the message is clear: maintaining its relationship with the IMF and with official creditors comes first, even at the cost of disappointing the private market.

While private investors seek quicker repayment and higher returns, official creditors are focused on long‑term debt sustainability and the country’s ability to grow without being crushed by debt service.

Ethiopia’s next step will be to negotiate restructuring terms that give private creditors less than initially agreed — but enough to keep markets engaged, while fully aligning with the official sector’s vision of a fair and orderly debt resolution.